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Journal of Applied Psychology 1999

Parental employment, school climate, and children's academic and social development.

Neal Schmitt1; Joshua M. Sacco; Sharon Landesman Ramey; Craig T. Ramey; David W. Chan

1 Michigan State University

open access

Abstract

Longitudinal data were used to examine the effects of parental employment status and school climate on children's academic and social development. Hierarchical regression, analyses of covariance, and latent growth modeling were used to assess various aspects of change as a function of work status and school climate with family income and education as control variables. Parental employment was associated with positive changes in social and academic progress even after controlling for prior developmental level, climate, and family income although effects were small and complex. School climate had minimal effect on the outcome variables. Income and education were related to various school outcomes.

DOI
10.1037/0021-9010.84.5.737
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