The familiar decision analysis setting in accounting, such as a cost‐volume‐profit analysis setting, is modeled as arising in a “larger” context in which subsequent choice is also contemplated. We then ask when this “larger” context decomposes in a manner such that the immediate problem of interest can be modeled as an expected utility maximization problem that is completely divorced from the subsequent choice problem. Outcome and taste independence conditions are the key ingredients in being able to model the immediate problem as having no link whatever to its successor. Résumé. Le contexte dans lequel les techniques d'analyse de décision comme par exemple l'analyse coĉt‐volume‐profit est utilisée est un cadre d'un modèle élargi qui tient compte du choix subséquent. On se demande en quelles circonstances ce contexte élargi peut‐il se décomposer de façon telle que le problème d'intérêt immédiat en soit un de maximisation complètement séparé du problème du choix subséquent. Le résultat et des conditions d'indépendance de préférence sont les ingrédients clés pour modeler le problème immédiat comme n'ayant aucun lien avec son successeur.

This paper adopts a valuation perspective within an asymmetric information setting and explores properties of economic income. The optimal intertemporal contract induces an accrual component of income which would not exist absent the information problem. The contracting solution introduces a dampening effect—if cash flow increases by one dollar, income increases by less than one dollar. Thus, the accrual is inversely related to cash flows. Further, this dampening is greater for more favorable cash outcomes. Résumé. Les auteurs adoptent la perspective de l'évaluation en situation d'asymétrie de l'information et explorent les propriétés du bénéfice économique. Le contrat intertemporel optimal fait intervenir une amplification du bénéfice qui n'existerait pas si ce n'était de la présence du problème d'information. La solution contractuelle amène un effet atténuateur — c'est‐à‐dire qu'à une augmentation du flux monétaire de un dollar correspond une augmentation du bénéfice de moins de un dollar. Ainsi, l'amplification est en relation inverse avec les flux monétaires. En outre, l'atténuation est plus marquée dans le cas de résultats monétaires plus avantageux.

Financial statements summarize a firm's fiscal position using only a limited number of accounts. Readers often interpret financial statements in conjunction with other information, some of which may be aggregated in a different way (or not at all). This paper exploits properties of the double‐entry accounting system to provide a systematic approach to reconciling diverse financial data. The key is the ability to represent the double‐entry system by network flows and, thereby, access well‐recognized network optimization techniques. Two specific uses are investigated: the reconciliation of audit evidence with management‐prepared financial statements, and the creation of transaction‐level financial ratios.

In this paper, we embed the double entry accounting structure in a simple belief revision (estimation) problem. We ask the following question: Presented with a set of financial statements (and priors), what is the reader's “best guess” of the underlying transactions that generated these statements? Two properties of accounting information facilitate a particularly simple closed form solution to this estimation problem. First, accounting information is the outcome of a linear aggregation process. Second, the aggregation rule is double entry.

In this paper, we embed the double entry accounting structure in a simple belief revision (estimation) problem. We ask the following question: Presented with a set of financial statements (and priors), what is the reader's “best guess” of the underlying transactions that generated these statements? Two properties of accounting information facilitate a particularly simple closed form solution to this estimation problem. First, accounting information is the outcome of a linear aggregation process. Second, the aggregation rule is double entry.