I. Introduction, 331. — II. The traditional systems, 333. —III. Impact of the new economic era, 335. — IV. The case of West Germany, 339; background of labor-management institutions, 339; recent economic changes, 340; the wage drift, 341; the shifting center of gravity in labor relations, 344; unions and work councils, 345; union and employer views on plant agreements, 348; recent strikes experience, 350; the condition of the union movement, 352; the problem of wage policy, 354; conclusion, 358.

Introduction: scope of the paper, 263. — I. Unionism and earnings, 1933–45: the data, 264; analysis of relative wage movements, 267. — II. Alternative hypotheses: differences in skill, 274; urban and rural industries, 275; proportion of women, 276; degree of monopoly, 277; expanding and contracting industries, 277; summary of these considerations, 279. — III. Unionism and earnings, 1890–1926: Douglas' data, 280; appraisal of the indexes, 281; a more fundamental objection, 282. — IV. Implications, 284.

I. Introduction, 254. — II. Recent research on the interindustry wage structure, 255. — III. The original level of earnings, 257. — IV. Degree of organization, 266. — V. Changes in employment, 269. — VI. Other influences, 277. — VII. Conclusions, 278.