A. B. Araoz, H. B. Malmgren; Congestion and Idle Capacity in an Economy1, The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 28, Issue 3, 1 June 1961, Pages 202–211, h

Journal Article Some Effects of Taxes on Risk-Taking Get access B. Näslund B. Näslund Stockholm University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 35, Issue 3, July 1968, Pages 289–306, https://doi.org/10.2307/2296663 Published: 01 July 1968

I examine optimal taxes in an overlapping generations economy in which each consumer's utility depends on consumption relative to a weighted average of consumption by others (the benchmark level of consumption) as well as on the level of the consumer's own consumption. The socially optimal balanced growth path is characterized by the Modified Golden Rule and by a condition on the intergenerational allocation of consumption in each period. A competitive economy can be induced to attain the social optimum by a lump-sum pay-as-you-go social security system and a tax on capital income. Copyright 2005, Wiley-Blackwell.

The subjective probabilities implied by Savage's (1954, 1972) Postulates are finitely but not countably additive. The failure of countable additivity leads to two known classes of dominance paradoxes, money pumps and indifference between an act and one that pointwise dominates it. There is a common resolution to these classes of paradoxes and to any others that might arise from failures of countably additivity. It consists of reinterpreting finitely additive probabilities as the "traces" of countably additive probabilities on larger state spaces. The new and larger state spaces preserve the essential decision-theoretic structures of the original spaces.

If stock-outs are ignored and if demand shocks are additive, then optimal behaviour requires that the marginal cost of production (MC) be equated with the expected marginal revenue of increasing expected sales by one unit (EMR). However, with more general demand shocks (and still ignoring stock-outs), the excess of MC over EMR has the same sign as the covariance of the slope of the demand curve and the marginal valuation of inventory. The equality of EMR and MC is also broken by taking account of stock-outs, even if demand shocks are additive. If there is a production lag, then taking account of stock-outs implies that optimal behaviour will be characterized by production smoothing even if the cost of production is linear. Two alternative definitions of production smoothing are presented and optimal behaviour in the presence of stock-outs displays each type of smoothing.

This paper compares the durability of goods produced in competitive and monopolistic markets. Durability is chosen to minimize the cost of providing a given present value of flow of services over the life of the durable. As pointed out by Swan, under constant returns to scale, the cost-minimizing durability is independent of the level of output; thus competitive firms will choose the same durability as a monopolist, even though they would produce different levels of output. In this paper, we relax the assumption of constant returns to scale and derive more general conditions under which optimal durability is independent of the level of output. We also demonstrate that with a particular specification of external diseconomies of scale, the monopolist will produce goods with greater durability than would be produced by competitive firms. 1.

This paper considers the wide class of problems in which a searcher can choose his sample size and whether or not to stop search at each of a sequence of decision points. Sequential search problems are the special cases in which the sample size chosen at each decision point is unity. Several properties of the optimal sample size sequence are established, with particular attention being paid to the effects of recall, decision horizons and fallback utilities. These properties yield necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimality of sequential search strategies within the class of problems considered. 1.

This paper examines the problem of estimating the parameters of an underlying linear model using data in which the dependent variable is only observed to fall in a certain interval on a continuous scale, its actual value remaining unobserved. A Least Squares algorithm for attaining the Maximum Likelihood estimator is described, the asymptotic bias of the OLS estimator derived for the normal regressors case and a "moment" estimator presented. A "two-step estimator" based on combining the two approaches is proposed and found to perform well in both an economic illustration and simulation experiments.

Journal Article The Pasinetti Paradox Revisited Get access B. J. Moore B. J. Moore Wesleyan University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 41, Issue 2, April 1974, Pages 297–299, https://doi.org/10.2307/2296719 Published: 01 April 1974

Journal Article Capital Taxes, the Redistribution of Wealth and Individual Savings Get access A. B. Atkinson A. B. Atkinson St John's College, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 38, Issue 2, April 1971, Pages 209–227, https://doi.org/10.2307/2296780 Published: 01 April 1971