Importance of the coal problem, 541. — I. Occasion for appointment of the Commission, 543. — The Federal Act of October, 1923, 547. — Personnel of the Commission, 548. — II. The bituminous branch of the industry; striking irregularity of production, 550. — The causes: seasonal demand, strikes, overdevelopment above all, 551. — Effects on labor, 559. — No radical remedy proposed by the Commission, 660. — Changes in railroad car distribution recommended, 561. — Readjustment of freight rates, 563. — The Commission fails to urge the use by the Interstate Commerce Commission of its power to veto building of lines or sidings not needed, 565. — III. Anthracite coal problems simpler, 566. — The fundamental problem is that of monopoly, 568. — The Commission proposes a graded tax on royalties, 570. — IV. Unionization and non-union fields, 572. — The Commission on the whole commends the United Mine Workers, condemns operators in non-union fields, yet takes a neutral attitude, 573. — V. The Reports have high educational value, the remedies suggested are inadequate, 577. — Some more far-reaching plan must come, 581.

Introduction: the New Zealand system not what it was intended to be, 405. — I. A court of arbitration, unlike a board of conciliation, must follow guiding principles, 407. — The New Zealand judges hesitate to state principles, 407. — Early cases, 407. — II. Existing conditions and prosperity of the industries the basis for several years, 409. — Yet a general tendency to raise wages, 415. — Cost of living little considered, 416. — III. As time went on, more emphasis on cost of living, 417. — Statistics until 1907 inconclusive, 420. — Fragmentary evidence not accepted, 422. — Informal statements by the Court of the principles followed, 426. — IV. Beginning in 1912, higher wages awarded to common laborers, 428. — A policy on minimum wages announced, 431. — V. Index numbers of prices published in 1911–14, 434. — Wages advanced as much as cost of living, 438. — VI. Change of personnel in 1913 but no change of policy, 439. — Lowest-paid workers granted some increase, 442. — No regard paid to great advance in cost of living in 1914–15, 443. — VII. Conclusion, 445.

II. Boards outside Victoria. 1. South Australia, 326. — 2. Queensland, 332. — 3. New South Wales, 334. — 4. Tasmania, 337.— III. Organization and Procedure. 1. Organization and Appointment, 339. — Grouping of trades, multiplication of boards, 341. — Number of members, 341. — Women, 342. — Chairmen, 343. — "Award" or "determination, " 344. — Court of Industrial Appeals in Victoria; of Industrial Arbitration elsewhere, 346. — 2. Wages Boards at work, 347. — Importance of chairman, 350. — Real or apparent waste of time, 353. — Informal proceedings, 355. — Absence of any guiding principle, 356. — Cost of living a conspicuous factor, 357. — In Victoria, true examples of collective bargaining; elsewhere, less so, 360.

Introduction: methods of wage regulation, 98. — 1. The anti-sweating movement in Victoria, 101. — 2. Origin and introduction of wages boards, 107. — Parliamentary history of the minimum wage bill, 110. — Main features of the act of 1896, 120. — 3. Extension of the system and its struggle for existence, 122. — Work of the first boards, 123. — Act of 1900, 126. — Crisis of 1902, 131. — Report of the Royal Commission in 1903, 139. — The system made permanent, 143. — 4. Growing popularity of the boards, 144.

IV. Distance as a factor in rate making, 279. — 1. Rates increase with distance, 282. — 2. Modifications of the distance principle, 288. — V. Natural advantages of location, 291. — 1. Natural advantages due to lower costs, 294. — 2. Natural advantages due to distance, 303. — 3. Group rates, 307. — 4. Natural advantages due to competition, 314. — VI. Competition as a factor in rate making, 317. — 1. Competition between carriers subject to and those not subject to the act to regulate commerce, 319. — 2. Competition between carriers subject to the act, 323. — 3. Competition between places or sections, 329.

VI. Competition (continued), 471. — 4. Export rates, 471. — 5 Competition between producers, 492. — 6. Competition to prevent a transportation monopoly, 497. — VII. Class and sectional interests, 501. — 1. Domestic versus foreign producers, 503. — 2. Vested interests, 504. — VIII. Fair return on investment, 513. — 1. Development of the theory, 514. — 2. Rates in general, 516. — 3. Particular rates, 524. — IX. General summary and conclusions, 528. — Essential points in a theory of government-regulated rates, 535.

An inductive study of rate theories, 1. — Decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission as material for such a study, 4. — I. Commission's preliminary statement of the fundamental principle of rate making, 7. — The determining factors in the Commission's decisions, 10. — II. Value of commodity as a rate basis, 11. — 1. Competitive commodities, 12. (a) in different stages of manufacture, 13. — (b) as possible substitutes for each other, 25. — 2. Non-competitive commodities, 28. — 3. Market value the criterion, 33. — 4. Social considerations, 35. — III. Cost of service as a rate basis, 40. — 1. Some special service rendered, 42. — 2. Comparison with other commodities, 50. — 3. Comparison with rates elsewhere, 58. — 4. Car load and less than car load shipments, 60. — Conclusion with reference to cost of service, 65.

Barnett and McCabe's Mediation, Investigation and Arbitration; Mote's Industrial Arbitration Get access M. B. Hammond M. B. Hammond Ohio State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 31, Issue 3, May 1917, Pages 536–543, https://doi.org/10.2307/1883388 Published: 01 May 1917