A Middle-Class Budget Enquiry P. K. O'Brien P. K. O'Brien Welwyn Garden City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Economic Studies, Volume 4, Issue 3, June 1937, Pages 215–222, https://doi.org/10.2307/2967456 Published: 01 June 1937

Journal Article Flexibility of Demand in International Trade Theory Get access Charles P. Kindleberger Charles P. Kindleberger New York, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 51, Issue 2, February 1937, Pages 352–361, https://doi.org/10.2307/1882093 Published: 01 February 1937

Abstract The article discusses the municipal accounting system in which fixed assets of a municipality are not used in utility operation. There are some practical reasons for the existence of this situation. These are discussed under the heads of municipal credit, depreciating value, and replacement. When a major fixed asset is acquired by a municipality it is usually financed through a bond issue. The security for these bonds is most often the general credit of the city. The financial condition of the city at the time of issuing the bonds, during the life of the bonds, and at the time of payment of the bonds, is not dependent upon the value of the fixed asset involved. In other words, from the financing point of view, there is nothing which causes the municipal officials, bondholders, or general public to need property accounts. Municipalities should keep fixed property accounts for the sake of control, historic value, and completeness, and these property accounts should be kept in a separate set of balanced accounts to preserve their unity, and to maintain the fundamental purpose of other funds already in existence.

Reviews the book "The Recovery Problem in the United States."

Reviews the book "Cost Accounting, Principles and Methods," 2nd ed., by Charles Reitell and C.E. Johnston.

Reviews the book "The Science of Valuation and Depreciation," by Edwin B. Kurtz.

Abstract The article presents a study that is an attempt to describe and evaluate requirements of some leading securities exchanges as of 1933. The need of stockholders for corporate reports has tended to coincide with the increasing importance of corporations as a type of business organization. But many factors other than wishes of stockholders have influenced the development of corporate reporting and accounting policies. In the early period of corporate regulation in the U.S., the legislation restricting operations of railroads possibly exerted some influence; some of the leading financial journals carried on active campaigns for better reporting practices. Stock exchanges, the factor with which the paper is principally interested, began to require accounting statements as a part of their expanding listing requirements. Prior to 1938, legislation played, but a minor part in the development of reporting and accounting policies of American industrial corporations. These legislative devices represent new approaches to the problem of securing adequate presentation of corporate operations.