Discrimination in rate making commonly based on three principles. — Rates should conform to long-period normal values, 43. — Composite demand or joint supply are involved, 44. — The case of composite demand explained; overhead should be apportioned equally to all classes of service, 46. — The case of joint supply explained; overhead should be apportioned according to demand, 53. — How this principle can be applied in practice, 60.

I. Origin of the guild movement; its growth, 278. — Allied organizations, 281. — II. Ideas underlying the movement, 283. — III. Structure: the local unit (Bauhütte); the central body (Verband sozialer Baubetriebe); the relation of the guilds to the unions, 285. — IV. Activities of the central body; of the guilds in Berlin. Comparison with the English guilds, 291. — V. Difficulties, 296. — VI. Conclusion, 299.

T HE Census of Distribution taken in eleven cities a little over a year ago was of the nature of a practice effort for the Census of Distribution to cover the entire country, which it is hoped may be a part of the regular Decennial Federal Census of 1930.1 This preliminary census, therefore, has three sources of interest to the statistician: first, as an indication of what may be expected from this expansion of census efforts into a new field; second, as a means for classification of prevailing ideas about what such a census might cover and how; and third, as a source for a new group of data concerning distribution activities.

The attention of economists, accountant and business men has of late been directed more and more to the behavior of overhead costs, and in particular to those consequences which result from the fixed character of a large part of them. Everyone is familiar with the fact that an increased volume of output results in a decreased unit cost, as far as overhead is concerned. But another economists used the term differential costs to indicate those specific increments of expense which will accompany any specific increment in the output. Before analyzing this theory, or presenting any practical applications of it, the relation of differential costs to other economic concepts ought to be considered. Another economic concept which is related to differential costs, though inversely so, is the idea of quasi-rent. This term is employed to include all those extra earnings derived from the possession of rare natural abilities on the part of a business man. It follows that producers will be earning high quasirents when their production costs are low and low quasi-rents when their production costs are high, thus making an inverse ratio between quasi-rent and costs.

Reviews the book "How to Analyze Costs," by Coleman L. Maze and John G. Glover.