Tim S. Campbell, William A. Kracaw, Optimal Managerial Incentive Contracts and the Value of Corporate Insurance, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Sep., 1987), pp. 315-328

Abstract Reviews the book 'Positive Accounting Theory,' by Ross L. Watts and Jerold L. Zimmerman.

Abstract. A valuation system partitions the set of goods to be valued into multiple disjoint subsets and the current value of the goods is estimated via price indexes covering these subsets. Efficient valuation systems yield a relatively small economy‐wide average of mean squared errors with respect to the true total current cost of the goods. Several algorithms have been designed to search for efficient valuation systems. These algorithms, however, do not take advantage of the information contained in the characteristic parameters of the goods to be valued. We present the design and test of a search algorithm that is substantially more efficient than those in the literature. The relative efficiency of the algorithm is gained through the use of information contained in the weights, the expected values, and the variance‐covariance structure of the price changes of the goods. Résumé. Un système d'évaluation subdivise l'ensemble des biens à être évalués en plusieurs sous‐ensembles disjoints et la valeur actuelle des biens est estimée grâce à des indices de prix couvrant ces sous‐ensembles. Des systèmes d'évaluation efficaces produisent, pour l'ensemble de l'économie, une moyenne relativement faible des erreurs moyennes au carré, par rapport au coût actuel réel total des biens. Plusieurs algorithmes ont été conçus pour découvrir des systèmes d'évaluation efficaces. Toutefois, ces algorithmes n'intègrent pas l'information que renferment les paramètres caractérisant les biens à évaluer. Nous présentons la conception et le test d'un algorithme de recherche qui s'avère considérablement plus efficace que ceux mentionnés dans les recherches antérieures. L'efficacité relative de cet algorithme est obtenue grâce à l'intégration de l'information contenue dans les pondérations, les valeurs espérées et la structure de variance‐covariance des fluctuations de prix des biens.

Beaver, Lambert and Morse (1980) suggest that prices may be useful in forecasting future earnings. We explore the information content of prices with respect to earnings by focusing on firm size and its relation to the predictive accuracy of price-based earnings forecasts. Firm size proxies for the amount of information and for the number of traders and professional analysts processing the available information about an enterprise. Our empirical results are consistent with the hypothesis that price-based earnings will outperform univariate time series forecasts by a greater margin for larger firms than for smaller firms.

The essence of corporate control includes the hiring and firing of key managers. We examine changes in equity values when the Board of Directors appoints and dismisses top-level managers. The evidence suggests that management changes signal shifts in company policy and raise shareholder wealth, internal promotions confirm the soundness of investment by large companies in firm-specific human capital while external appointments do not, promotions occur more often than external appointments but decline in importance as firm size decreases, and dismissal is not a favored means to handle managerial underperformance but is associated with stock price increases when used.

Expertise, Communication, Planning, Implementation

Abstract Reviews the book 'Leveraged Buyouts,' edited by Stephen C. Diamond.

Abstract Reviews the book 'Decline and Renewal: Causes and Cures of Decay Among Foreign-Trained Intellectuals and Professionals in the Third World,' by Craufurd D. Goodwin and Michael Nacht.

Abstract Reviews the book " GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) vs. TAP (Tailored Accounting Principles) in Lending Agreements: Canadian Evidence," by David B. Thornton and Murray J. Bryant.